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NAACP - It was established in 1909 and is America’s oldest and largest civil rights organization. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People., National Urban League - Formerly known as the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes, is a nonpartisan civil rights organization based in New York City., CORE - Founded 1942 - An African-American civil rights organization in the United States "to bring about equality for all people” Congress of Racial Equality, Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - The Supreme Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional., Segregation - The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment. DeFacto / DeJure, Thurgood Marshall - He argued thirty-two cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, more than anyone else in history. He later became the first African-American Supreme Court justice., Integration - The intermixing of people or groups previously segregated. Many believe it is the best hope for both black and white Americans., Rosa Parks - An African American woman arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person. She sparked the American Civil Rights movement of the 1960s., Montgomery Bus Boycott - It was a civil-rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses to protest segregated seating. It lasted over a year., Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. - He was a social activist and Baptist minister who played a key role in the American Civil Rights Movement. (Shot in 1968), SCLC - This African American organization was closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr. and played a large role in the American civil rights movement., Sit-ins - A form of protest in which participants sit and refuse to move. Other similar forms of non-violent protest include read-ins, and wade-ins., Freedom Riders - They were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961. They were confronted by arresting police officers, as well as horrific violence from white protestors., March on Washington (1963) - It was a landmark event for the early civil rights movement and is partly credited with winning the passage of the Federal Civil Rights Act of 1964. “I have a Dream” speech was delivered by MLK., Civil Rights Act - It ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. (1964), Voting Rights Act - It was a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. (1965), California v. Bakke (1978) - The Supreme Court decision that upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. Specific racial quotas were impermissible., Affirmative action - Employment programs required by federal statutes and regulations designed to remedy discriminatory practices in hiring. It was intended to level the playing field., Black Power - A movement in support of rights and political power for black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s. It encouraged black nationalism., Malcolm X - He was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist. An extremist who believed in doing “whatever it takes” to end discrimination in the United States., Stokely Carmichael - He developed the Black Power movement. He became an activist while attending Howard University. He later served as the leader of the All-African People's Revolutionary Party, Black Panthers - Originally this organization for self-defense was a political organization founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in 1966. They later organized armed citizen patrols of Oakland and other U.S. cities.,

Civil Rights

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