Alps - Mountains in northern Italy, English Channel - Water in between England and France, Monks - These people preserved religious knowledge and copied manuscripts, Charlemagne - This person was crowned Holy Roman Emperor after uniting Western Europe, Dark Ages - Time period of famine poverty after the fall of Western Roman Empire, feudalism - Social and political system that requires loyalty for protection, Christianity - Main religion in western Europe, Battle of Hastings - Fought between Anglo-Saxons and Norman French over next king of England, WilliamtheConqueror - Duke of Normandy; winner of Battle of Hastings, Magna Carta - Document signed by King John limiting the power of the monarch, Crusades - Series of wars fought over control of the holy land, Richard - ______ the Lionheart; king and soldier during the 3rd crusade, Saladin - Muslim sultan (king); fought Richard to a tie during 3rd Crusade, trade - This increased between Europe and foreign nations after the Crusades, Black Death - This sickness wiped out half of the population in Europe, Joan of Arc - Teenage peasant girl that helped the French during the Hundred Year War, Henry V - King that restored English culture and identity because of his victory during the Hundred Year War, Iberian Peninsula - land that was conquered by Muslim Moors, Reconquista - effort by the Catholics to reclaim land lost by the Moors, Inquisition - Trial set up by Ferdinand and Isabella to rid Spain of all non-Catholics,

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